13.220.50 (Fire-resistance of building materials a 标准查询与下载

ASTM E84-15a 与职业暴露于水不溶性铬酸盐有关的安全和健康要求的标准指南

4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein. 4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32-m) long by 20-in. (508-mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow and flaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 51/2 min. 4.3 This test method does not provide for the following: 4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the tested surface. 4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls and ceilings. 4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side. 1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements. 1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support. 1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E2231-15 评定表面燃烧特性用管道和导管绝缘材料的试样制备和安装的标准实施规程

5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen preparation and mounting procedures for single-component pipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipe or duct insulation systems. 5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly tested shall be representative of the completed insulation system used in actual field installations, in terms of the components, including their respective thicknesses. 5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety of materials and constructions. 5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number of protocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems which utilize one generic type of materials, all of them with an insulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin of this practice, which makes them generic, to reduce material bias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedures presented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2 – 6.5 address other types of pipe or duct insulation systems. 5.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation and mounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1 – 5.5.3 and testing of supplementary materials as described in 5.6. 5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulation core and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulation core and jacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 if they are not self-supporting. 5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supporting and in 6.4 if they are not self-supporting. 5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.5. 5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11) intended to be used as pipe or duct insulation materials and installed with an air gap shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation and mounting procedures described in Practice E2599. Reflective insulation materials intended to be used as pipe or duct insulation materials and installed without an air gap shall b......

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E2599-15 建筑用反射绝缘、辐射屏障和乙烯基拉伸天花板材料的样品制备和安装以评估表面燃烧特性的标准实施规程

5.1 Reflective insulation, radiant barrier and vinyl stretch ceiling materials are evaluated in accordance with Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, a specimen mounting procedure for reflective insulation, radiant barrier and vinyl stretch ceiling materials. 5.2 The material shall be representative of the materials used in actual field installations. 5.3 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures for materials not described in this practice shall be added as the information becomes available. 5.4 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84. 5.5 This practice shall not apply to rigid foam plastics with or without reflective facers. 5.6 This practice shall not apply to site-fabricated stretch systems covered by Practice E2573. 1.1 This practice describes a procedure for specimen preparation and mounting when testing reflective insulation, radiant barrier and vinyl stretch ceiling materials to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84. 1.2 This practice is for reflective insulation materials and radiant barrier materials intended for mechanical fastening to substrates or building structural members, or intended to be mounted to a substrate with an adhesive. 1.3 Specimens of reflective insulation materials and radiant barrier materials intended for mechanical fastening shall be prepared and mounted in accordance with 6.1. Specimens of reflective insulation materials and radiant barrier materials intended to be mounted to a substrate with an adhesive shall be prepared and mounted in accordance with 6.2. If the reflective insulation material or sheet radiant barrier material includes manufacturer recommended installation instructions with the option to be installed either by mechanical attachment or adhered, the insulation material shall be tested by both mounting procedures as outlined in 6.1 and 6.2. 1.4 Specimens of vinyl stretch ceiling materials shall be prepared and mounted in accordance with 6.1. Note 1: Vinyl stretch ceiling materials are mechanically fastened. 1.5 This practice shall apply to reflective insulation materials and radiant barrier materials as defined in Section 3.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation, Radiant Barrier and Vinyl Stretch Ceiling Materials for Building Applications to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E1740-15 用锥形量热计测定墙面覆盖物或天花板覆盖物复合材料的热释放率和其他火灾试验响应特性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to determine the time to sustained flaming and heat release of materials and composites exposed to a prescribed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus. 5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that can be used to compare wall or ceiling coverings and constructions and for input to fire models. 5.3 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by giving a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. 5.4 Heat release data obtained by this test method will be inappropriate if the product will not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest. 5.5 Variations in substrates, mounting methods, and adhesives used to laminate composite products will potentially affect the test responses. These variables must be controlled during any comparative experiments. 5.6 Test Limitations—The test data are invalid if any of the following occur: 5.6.1 Explosive spalling, 5.6.2 The specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug or swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion, or 5.6.3 The surface laminate rolls or curls when placed under the radiant heater. 5.7 The specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions in this procedure. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers determination of the ignitability and heat release rate of composites consisting of a wall covering or ceiling covering, a substrate, and all laminating adhesives, coatings, and finishes. Heat release information cannot be used alone to evaluate the flammability of wall coverings or ceiling coverings. The data are intended to be used for modeling or with other data to evaluate a material. 1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m2. Heat release data at different heat fluxes are also obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used. 1.3 The fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Meth......

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wall Covering or Ceiling Covering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter

ASTM E906/E906M-14 采用热电堆法的材料与产品的热和可视烟雾释放率的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a description of the behavior of material specimens under a specified fire exposure in terms of the release rate of heat and visible smoke. It is possible to determine the change in behavior of materials and products with change in heat-flux exposure by testing specimens in a series of exposures that cover a range of heat fluxes. 5.2 The data obtained for a specific test describe the rate of heat and smoke release of the specimen when exposed to the specific environmental conditions and procedures used in performing that test. 5.3 The entire exposed surface of the specimen will not be burning during the progressive involvement phase when piloted, point ignition (impingement) procedures are used. During the period of progressive surface involvement, release rates of heat and smoke are “per square metre of original exposed surface area” not “per square metre of flame involved surface.” 5.4 The rates of both heat and smoke release are calculated per square metre of original surface area exposed. If a specimen swells, sags, delaminates, or otherwise deforms so that the exposed surface area changes, calculated release rates correspond to the original area, not to the new surface area. 5.5 Heat-release values depend on mode of ignition. Gas phase ignition gives a more dimensionally consistent measure of release rate when very rapid or immediate flame involvement of the specimen surface occurs. However, piloted, point ignition allows release-rate information to be obtained at external heat flux from zero up to that required for satisfactory gas-phase ignition, usually over 20 kW/m2 external exposure. No correlation between the two modes of piloted ignition has been established. 5.6 Release rates depend on many factors, some of which cannot be controlled. It is possible that samples that produce a surface char, a layer of adherent ash, or those that are composites or laminates do not attain a steady-state release rate. Thermally thin specimens, that is, specimens whose unexposed surface changes temperature during period of test, will not attain a steady-state release rate. Therefore, release rates for a given material will depend, for example, on how the material is used, its thickness, and the method of mounting. 5.7 Heat-release values are for the specific specimen size (exposed area) tested. Results are not directly scalable to different exposed surface areas for some products. 5.8 The method is limited to specimen sizes of materials in accordance with 7.1 and to products from which it is possible to obtain a test specimen representative of the product in actual use. The test is limited to exposure of one surface; there are two options for exposure orientation: either vertical or horizontal. If a heat release rate of 8 kW, which is equivalent to 355 kW/m2 for 150-mm [6-in.] by 150-mm [6 in.] vertical specimens, or 533 kW/m2 for 100-mm [4-in.] by 150-mm [6-in.] horizontal specimens is exceeded, there is danger of combustion occurring above the stack. 5.9 No general relationship between release rate values obtained from horizontally and vertically oriented specimens has been established. Conduct tests on specimens in the form in which the material is oriented in end use conditions. To provide additional information, conduct tests in the horizontal ori......

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method

ASTM E84-14 建筑材料表面燃烧特性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein. 4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32-m) long by 20-in. (508-mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow and flaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 51/2 min. 4.3 This test method does not provide for the following: 4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the tested surface. 4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls and ceilings. 4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side. 1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements. 1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support. 1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.. 1.8 This standard does not purport to add......

Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E2707-14 使用直接火焰接触暴露方法测定外墙组件火焰穿透性的标准试验方法

5.1 The test method described herein measures the ability of the exterior wall covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the wall assembly under the specified conditions of exposure. 5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a test specimen when these details are representative of the construction of the end-use product(s). 5.3 This test method is applicable to end-use product(s) not having an ideally planar external surface. 5.4 The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color photographic records. Video taping of the complete fire test is an acceptable alternative to the photographic record. The use of infrared photography of the unexposed side of the test wall can be used to reveal development of increasing temperatures or persisting hot spots. 5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a specific set of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method to assess the fire performance of a vertically oriented specimen exposed to direct flame impingement in a simulated external fire exposure potentially encountered in a ‘Wildland Urban Interface’ scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of materials, which are used as the exposed surfaces of exterior walls in construction applications. Note 1: This test method closely follows the test procedure of California Office of State Marshal (SFM) Method 12-7A-1.2 1.2 This test method measures the ability of the wall system to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity or unexposed side of the test assembly under the conditions of exposure. 1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of vertically oriented materials, products or assemblies in exterior construction applications. The test specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses. 1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5. 1.5 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details. The units given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure

ASTM E2231-14 表面燃烧特性评估用管和管绝缘材料的样品制备和安装的标准实施规程

5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen preparation and mounting procedures for single-component pipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipe or duct insulation systems. 5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly tested shall be representative of the completed insulation system used in actual field installations, in terms of the components, including their respective thicknesses. 5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety of materials and constructions. 5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number of protocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems which utilize one generic type of materials, all of them with an insulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin of this practice, which makes them generic, to reduce material bias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedures presented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2 – 6.5 address other types of pipe or duct insulation systems. 5.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation and mounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1 – 5.5.3 and testing of supplementary materials as described in 5.6. 5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulation core and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulation core and jacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 if they are not self-supporting. 5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supporting and in 6.4 if they are not self-supporting. 5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such systems is described in 6.5. 5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11) shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparation and mounting described in Practice E2599. 5.5.5 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures for systems not described in this practice shall be added as the information becomes available. 5.6 Supplementary Materials: 5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulation systems are normally able to generate heat, flame or smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire system depends, at least to some extent, on the fire performa......

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E162-13 用辐射热源评定材料表面燃烧性能的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. It is intended for use in measurements of the surface flammability of materials exposed to fire. The test is conducted using small specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. (Example: in terms of their thickness, layering, and any potential substrate.) 5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material, product or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surrounding enclosure.4 5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 5.4 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in a building or structure, then the example criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes the measurement of surface flammability of materials. It is not intended for use as a basis of ratings for building code purposes (see Appendix X1). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

ASTM E84-13 建筑材料表面燃烧特性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein. 4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32-m) long by 20-in. (508-mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow and flaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 51/2 min. 4.3 This test method does not provide for the following: 4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the tested surface. 4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls and ceilings. 4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side. 1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements. 1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support. 1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but d......

Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E2750-13 根据ASTM a00005进行的挡火渗透系统测试数据扩展的标准指南

4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested. 4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance. 4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary. 4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics. 4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814. 4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value. 4.7 Limitations: 4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices. 4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components. 4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Guide E2032. 4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.Note 2—It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops. 4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individuals possessing the following minimum qualifications and attributes: 4.9.1 an understanding of the Test Method E814 test p......

Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Firestop Penetration System Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM

ASTM D3143/D3143M-13 带标签开杯装置的稀释沥青闪点标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful in determining that an asphalt cutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desired range of flammability, and that the product has not been contaminated with lower flash point solvents. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash points by the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cutback asphalts having flash points of less than 93°C [200°F].Note 1—Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open Cup (Test Method D92–IP8201;36) Method for asphalt cements and cutback asphalts having flash points above 79°C [175°F]. Note 2—This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined in Test Method D1310, but is restricted to cutback asphalt having flash points of less than 93°C [200°F]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback Asphalt with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus

ASTM E2750-13e1 根据ASTM a00005进行的挡火渗透系统测试数据扩展的标准指南

4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested. 4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance. 4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary. 4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics. 4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814. 4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value. 4.7 Limitations: 4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices. 4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components. 4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Guide E2032. 4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.Note 2—It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops. 4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individuals possessing the following minimum qualifications and attributes: 4.9.1 an understanding of the Test Method E814 test p......

Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Penetration Firestop System Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM

ASTM E2257-13 测定墙壁和天花板材料及组件的室内着火点的标准试验方法

5.1 This fire test is applicable to a description of certain fire performance characteristics in appraising wall and ceiling materials, products, or systems under specified fire-exposure conditions in an enclosure. The test indicates the maximum extent of fire growth in a room, the rate of heat release, and if they occur, the time to flashover, and the time to flame extension beyond the doorway following flashover. It determines the extent to which the wall and ceiling materials or assemblies contribute to fire growth in a room and the potential for fire spread beyond the room, under the particular conditions simulated. It does not measure the contribution of the room contents. (See Appendix X1, Commentary.)Note 1—Time to flashover is defined herein as either the time when the radiant flux onto the floor exceeds 20 kW/m2 or the average temperature of the upper hot gas layer reaches 600°C (1100°F) or flames exit the doorway or spontaneous ignition of a paper target on the floor occurs. The spontaneous ignition of a crumpled single sheet of newspaper placed on the floor 0.9 m (3 ft) out from the center of the rear wall provides a visual indication of flashover. 5.1.1 The potential for the spread of fire to other objects in the room, remote from the ignition source, is evaluated by measurements of: (a) the total heat flux incident on the center of the floor, and (b) a characteristic upper level gas temperature in the room. 5.1.2 The potential for the spread of fire to objects outside the room of origin is evaluated by the measurement of the rate of heat release of the fire. 5.1.3 Measurements of the rate of production of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and visible smoke are taken. 5.1.4 The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color photographic records. Video taping of the complete fire test is an acceptable alternative to the photographic record. Such records show when each area of the test specimen becomes involved in the fire. 5.2 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a specific set of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate, under specified fire-exposure conditions, the contribution to room fire growth provided by wall or ceiling materials and assemblies, or both. The method is not intended to evaluate the fire endurance of assemblies or fires originating in the wall assembly. The method provides a means to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal barriers in restricting the contribution of combustible materials in the wall assembly to fire growth in a room ......

Standard Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies

ASTM D7309-13 用微型燃烧量热法测定塑料和其他固体材料易燃性特性的标准试验规范

5.1 This laboratory test method measures thermal combustion properties of materials (1-5).3 5.2 The test uses controlled thermal decomposition of specimens and thermal oxidation of the specimen gases as they are released from the specimen to simulate the condensed and gas phase processes of flaming combustion, respectively, in a small-scale laboratory test (1-7). 5.3 The thermal combustion properties measured in the test are related to flammability characteristics of the material (4-7). 5.4 The amount of heat released in flaming combustion per unit mass of material is the fire load and the potential fire load (complete combustion) is estimated in Method A as hc. 5.5 The net calorific value of the material (see Test Method D5865) is determined directly using Method B as hco without the need to know the atomic composition of the specimen to correct for the latent heat of evaporation of the water produced by combustion, or to perform titrations to correct for the heat of solution of acid gases. See Table X1.2 for comparison of Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) data with Test Method D5865. 5.6 The heat release temperature Tmax of Method A approximates the surface temperature at piloted ignition in accordance with Ref. (5-7) for purposes of fire modeling (See Guide E1591). 5.7 The heat release capacity ηc (J/g-K) is a flammability parameter measured in Method A that is unique to this test method. 1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics. 1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal oxidation of the specimen gases. 1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s. 1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the specimen gases. 1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption. 1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured. 1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction. 1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material......

Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry

ASTM E814-13a 贯穿部阻火系统着火试验的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance of a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The performance of a firestop system is dependent upon the specific assembly of materials tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it is installed. 5.2 Two ratings shall be established for each firestop system. An F rating shall be based upon flame occurrence on the unexposed surface, while the T rating shall be based upon the temperature rise as well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the firestop system. These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as the location of through-openings and temperatures of penetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessing performance of firestop systems. 1.1 This test method is applicable to firestop systems of various materials and construction. Firestop systems are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119. 1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record firestop system performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop system for use after test exposure. 1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestop systems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the firestop system during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris. 1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the firestops for use where fire resistance is required. 1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly that are tested as part of the assembly in accordance with Test Methods E119. 1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of load-bearing walls. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the st......

Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems

ASTM E2257-13a 墙壁和天花板材料和组件的房屋着火试验的标准试验方法

5.1 This fire test is applicable to a description of certain fire performance characteristics in appraising wall and ceiling materials, products, or systems under specified fire-exposure conditions in an enclosure. The test indicates the maximum extent of fire growth in a room, the rate of heat release, and if they occur, the time to flashover, and the time to flame extension beyond the doorway following flashover. It determines the extent to which the wall and ceiling materials or assemblies contribute to fire growth in a room and the potential for fire spread beyond the room, under the particular conditions simulated. It does not measure the contribution of the room contents. (See Appendix X1, Commentary.)Note 1—Time to flashover is defined herein as either the time when the radiant flux onto the floor exceeds 20 kW/m2 or the average temperature of the upper hot gas layer reaches 600°C (1100°F) or flames exit the doorway or spontaneous ignition of a paper target on the floor occurs. The spontaneous ignition of a crumpled single sheet of newspaper placed on the floor 0.9 m (3 ft) out from the center of the rear wall provides a visual indication of flashover. 5.1.1 The potential for the spread of fire to other objects in the room, remote from the ignition source, is evaluated by measurements of: (a) the total heat flux incident on the center of the floor, and (b) a characteristic upper level gas temperature in the room. 5.1.2 The potential for the spread of fire to objects outside the room of origin is evaluated by the measurement of the rate of heat release of the fire. 5.1.3 Measurements of the rate of production of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and visible smoke are taken. 5.1.4 The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color photographic records. Video taping of the complete fire test is an acceptable alternative to the photographic record. Such records show when each area of the test specimen becomes involved in the fire. 5.2 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a specific set of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. 1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate, under specified fire-exposure conditions, the contribution to room fire growth provided by wall or ceiling materials and assemblies, or both. The method is not intended to evaluate the fire endurance of assemblies or fires originating in the wall assembly. The method provides a means to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal barriers in restricting the contribution of combustible materials in the wall assembly to fire growth in a room ......

Standard Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies

ASTM E2837-13 测定安装在额定壁组件和非额定水平组件之间的连续性壁头连接系统耐火性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions: 5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and 5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure. 5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable: 5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen to movement cycle. 5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases. 5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen. 5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test. 5.3 This test method does not provide the following: 5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined. 5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion. 5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen. 5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.Note 3—The information in 5.3.1-5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84. 5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one ......

Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies

ASTM E1321-13 测得定材料引燃和火焰蔓延性能的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method addresses the fundamental aspects of piloted ignition and flame spread. The procedure is suitable for the derivation of relevant material flammability parameters that include minimum exposure levels for ignition, thermal-inertia values, and flame-spread properties. 5.2 This test method is used to measure some material-flammability properties that are scientifically constant and compatible and to derive specific properties that allow the prediction and explanation of the flame-spread characteristics of materials. They are considered effective properties that are dependent on the correlations used and when combined with theory can be used over a wide range of fire conditions for predicting material ignition and flame-spread behavior. 5.3 Do not use this test method for products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces and those products and assemblies in which physical performance such as joint separation and fastening methods has a significant influence on flame propagation in actual fire conditions. 5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure (see also 1.6). 1.1 This fire test response standard determines material properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented sample under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied radiant-heat flux. 1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition ( q˙"o,ig, Tig) and for lateral spread ( q˙"o,s, Ts,min), an effective material thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ) pertinent to lateral flame spread. 1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to predict the time to ignition, t ig, and the velocity, ......

Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties

ASTM E603-13 房间燃烧实验的标准指南

5.1 This guide provides assistance for planning room fire tests. The object of each experiment is to evaluate the role of a material, product, or system in the fire growth within one or more compartments. 5.2 The relationship between laboratory fire test methods and actual room fires can be investigated by the use of full-scale and reduced-scale experiments. This guide is aimed at establishing a basis for conducting full-scale experiments for the study of room fire growth. 5.3 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories: reconstruction, simulation, research and standardization. 5.3.1 Reconstruction room fire tests are full scale replicates of a fire scene with the geometry, materials, contents, and ignition source intended to duplicate a particular scenario. The usual purpose of such a test is to evaluate what happened or what might happen in such a scenario. 5.3.2 Simulation room fire tests are comparable to reconstruction fire tests, except that not all of the parameters are duplicated. A simulated fire test is one in which one or more components of a fire scenario are altered, usually in order to facilitate conducting the test. The compartment design must carefully address geometry and materials of construction to ensure that they do not significantly alter the fire response. Reconstruction and simulation fire tests often have a distinctive objective, such as time to flashover, that is related to the nature of the original fire scene. 5.3.3 Research room fire tests are conducted in order to elucidate the effects of one or more of the following: geometry, materials, placement of items, ventilation, or other parameters. The measured effects (such as room temperature, heat flux, heat release rate, time to flashover, post flashover conditions) are chosen to provide the most useful information. 5.3.4 Standardization room fire tests include scenarios that have been adopted by a standardization body. In this case, the compartment, ignition source, instrumentation and the nature of the contents are specified. The purpose of such a test is often the evaluation of a specific fire test response parameter. Simplified geometries and materials of construction are selected, party because the compartment is intended to be used repeatedly. Either simulated or actual commercial test objects are specified. The geometry of the compartment is generally specified to allow well-ventilated burning of the contents, with minimal radiative feedback, and to permit observation of flame spread. In most standardized fire tests, flashover is a termination point for the test. 5.3.5 In all cases, the room lining materials should be chosen carefully. Short duration fire response tests that do not reach flashover may be less affected by lining materials than longer duration fire tests that are intended to go to flashover. The thermal properties of the lining material (emissivity, thermal conductivity, thermal inertia) should be considered. The three main variables in compartment design must be considered for any of the types of room size fire tests: ventilation, geometry, and compartment materials (see Section 6). 1.1 This guide addresse......

Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments